Hamlet and Rosencrantx and Guildenstern Are Dead

The plays Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead by Tom Stoppard and Hamlet by William Shakespeare were composed in vastly different contexts and the nature of the plays greatly reflect the context in which they were composed. Hamlet is clearly a product of the times of the early 17th century as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is a product of the Swinging Sixties as it has very modern views on many issues that have been raised throughout time. A common feature in both plays which represented the context in which the plays were composed was the obvious pre-occupation with morality. In Elizabethan times death was accepted more as a normal event as people did not live to be very old and there was an obvious pre-occupation with the idea of mortality and the afterlife. Hamlet is no exception to this as the play is concerned with death from the start, as we learn that Hamlet’s father had been killed. It is not strange at all that the ghost of Hamlet’s father appears and speaks to him. This reflects the context in which it was composed. People used to be entertained by such encounters with the dead in plays and believed strongly in death and an afterlife. Read this â€Å"The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead† The number of deaths that occur in Hamlet is also not surprising as audiences in Elizabethan times were very much pre-occupied with dying and felt comfortable watching it on stage. They also remained true to their beliefs that tragedy could only happen to famous figures. This is partly due to the distinct social classes in England at the time and it was not considered a tragedy so much if a peasant died. Therefore Hamlet is a product of an Elizabethan context in that it is pre-occupied with mortality throughout the play and audiences were comfortable with it because of their strong religious beliefs. Tom Stoppard, however, took two sideline characters from Hamlet and showed that Hamlet could be applied to modern audiences over four hundred years later. Rosencrantz nd Guildenstern, the main characters of the play are also pre-occupied with death. The context in which Stoppard composed the play, however, presents a changed view of death. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern both spend a lot of time thinking about death and what it means to them. They are not sure about it, and have a pretty bleak perception of the whole idea. They continue throughout the play not knowing for sure what will happen to them when they die, but they accept that they must die at some stage in their life. This reflect the context of sixties England entirely, as the trend in attitude was confusion about death. Nobody knew why they were on the earth and nobody knew where they were going when it was all over. Religion was being questioned in the sixties, like all traditional authority figures and this comes through very strongly in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. People didn’t have the assurance as they did in Elizabethan times with their beliefs in the afterlife. The fact that this idea was questioned so much in the play shows the contrast between the two plays and how Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead reflect the values of the sixties. A contrasting theme in the plays is identity. In Elizabethan times everyone was very sure of their place in the grand scheme of things and there was a distinct hierarchy of social classes. The characters of Hamlet are reflections of this context to an extent, because there is a sense of order in the play with the structure of the Danish monarchy. It is a very modern play, however, and there is a sense of disorder in the immediate world of the upper class society. This unrest is expressed from early in the play with lines such as â€Å"There’s something rotten in the state of Denmark†. Every character is clearly defined in Shakespeare’s play and nobody is confused about who they are or where they came from. The opposite of this, however, is Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in the sixties interpretation of the text. They seem to be very confused about their own personal identity and this can be seen frequently throughout the play when they and other characters mix their names up almost every time. The effect of this is humorous, but also comments on the confusion of identity that was being felt in the Sixties. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as characters very much reflect the ideas of the Sixties in this way, as they seem to be drifting throughout the play as observers, and are minor players. They are not sure about themselves, question their own identity and cannot find much purpose in their lives, which makes death difficult for them to comprehend. Because they are such minor players and tend not to take themselves as seriously as the traditional characters such as Hamlet himself, they can easily bring Hamlet down to a human level. They did this in the play when they quickly flattened Hamlet’s wit. In all these respects it is plain to see how the sixties version of the play reflected the context in which it was composed. What makes the contrast between the two plays so apparent is the audience that it was intended for. In Elizabethan times, audiences loved to see revenge tragedies and lots of blood and guts and murder, particularly amongst famous people. Hamlet is a clear product of this context as there are eight deaths in the play, which would have greatly entertained an Elizabethan audience. All people could appreciate Shakespeare’s blank verse and took pleasure in the language used. After all Shakespeare was looking to be the most popular writer of his day and appeal to as large an audience as possible. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead being composed in the Sixties is made for the theatre of the absurd. People in the Sixties could relate best to this, as there was a general sense of rebelling against the system and confusion about identity. Normal prose is used much more in this, as the beauty of language isn’t so much important but the feeling that they express about the situation through the language. The two plays Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead contrast in many ways because of the context in which they were created. The context of Elizabethan times is reflected strongly in Hamlet which holds the values of the early seventeenth century, as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead reflects the values of the Swinging Sixties which are abounded by confusion. These contexts are vital in the study of both plays as they do not differ greatly, apart from the values they carry from the time in which they were composed.

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Aid

Greece and Turkey -By 1946, Greece and Czechoslovakia were the only countries in Eastern Europe that weren’t Communist. -Even in Greece, the government, which was being supported by British soldiers, was having to fight a civil war against the Communists. In February 1947, the British told Truman they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers in Greece. President Truman stepped in. The USA paid for the British soldiers in Greece. Truman noted that Turkey too was in danger from Soviet aggression, so Congress voted to give aid to Turkey as well. -Part of the money was given in economic and humanitarian aid, but most was spent on military supplies and weapons. Truman Doctrine In the 1930s, America had kept out of Europe’s business. Now, on 12 March 1947, Truman told Americans that it was America’s DUTY to interfere. His policy towards the Soviet Union was one of ‘containment’ – he did not try to destroy the USSR, but he wanted to stop it grow ing any more. This was called the ‘Truman Doctrine’. Greece -After WWI Greece appeared to be ‘under threat' from Communism. -Britain was unable to support Greece (as it had done in the past). -In 1947 Greece was under attack from Communist rebels and asked the USA for help. Communism -Truman was concerned about the spread of Communism and was determined to take action. -He offered arms, supplies and money to Greece. -Communism in Greece was defeated by 1949 following a civil war. Doctrine Truman was determined that the USA would not live in isolation. -The Truman Doctrine aimed to contain Communism, but not push it back – known as Containment. -Offered assistance to â€Å"all free peoples† resisting â€Å"attempted subjugation†. Marshall Aid -Truman saw war ravaged Europe as a â€Å"breeding ground† for Communism. -He felt it was vital to encourage countries to become prosperous again – to recover from the war. -US Secretary of State, George Ma rshall, propsed Marshall Aid (also know as the Marshall Plan) Just being helpful? -Helping European countries to recover also meant creating a market for US exports. -Also (although not publicly admitted) it was a clear aim to prevent the spread of Communism. -Stalin saw this as America trying to buy support. Tension -Between 1947-51 12 billion dollars was given in aid! -Vital help for recovery. -However, Stalin refused Marshall Aid and banned Eastern European countries under the USSR's control from accepting it. -This created tension on both sides.

Business Strategic Information System Azure Group †Free Samples

The report research deals with the analysis of the organizational structure, operational issues associated with it. The report also reflects on the system acquisition method of the organization. The development and adoption of the accounting software packages are discussed in the assignment (Sanusi, 2015). The market for the Azure Group is been discussed in the report. Azure Group is a chartered accounting firm that has been successful in adapting to the demands of the market along with the introduction of new statistics of business in order to meet the lifecycle of business requirements of its clients. Azure Group has been having the experience of rapid growth in a very short duration of time. The company has been dealing with the innovative and entrepreneurial business reflecting the company's passion for the success of the company (Akhtar & Mittail, 2014). Azure Group is a company that has been offering both commercial and technical accounting services. The company identified the growing requirement for the commercial advice from the highly experienced CFOs. This company was one among the original organizations that initiated the Virtual CFO service that offer to the SME market. The company went forward for the establishment of a professional network for the CFOs through CFO Australia. The Azure Group QLD further went forward to expand the operations into QLD's Gold Coast to support the increasing needs of the clients on the East Coast. The company also has operations in Shanghai, china which has made business in the cross border for its clients. The Azure Group Wealth was also introduced to offer Wealth solutions for the high net worth of the company and the clients in the business (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi & Najaftorkaman, 2014). Organizational structure followed by Azure Group is flat organizational structure. A flat organizational structure is a structure in which the most middle management levels and the functions of the middle management levels have been eliminated. This brings the top management in direct contact with the sales people, who are in the frontline, employees on the shop floor, and customers. In spite of the breadth, the benefit of using the flat organizational structure by Azure Group are many including the faster response time to the preference of the customer and changing conditions (Bernaoui, Issolah & Hassoun, 2015). The managed domains that are provided by Azure Group support only a flat Organizational structure. All the domains in the accounting software package reside in a single flat organizational structure of Azure. The hierarchical organizational structure is not supported by the domain of Azure Group. The domains service of accounting software package by Azure Group support the G roup Policy in the form of GPO which is built in for the computer containers and the users (Boonstra, 2013). The GP cannot be targeted by the organizational structure; the users cannot create custom GPOs or perform WMI filtering. The organizational structure of Azure Group helps in creating logical structure. One can use it for assigning policies of the group and the management of the resources. The flat organizational structure of Azure Group provides many advantages. However, the flat structure of the organization also leads to certain problems and issues in the operations of the company. There always is a probability for the management to lose control over the operations easily. This structure is very much suitable for the business operations in start-ups. When a company of massive scale has flat organizational structure, like Azure group, the whole system of operation can be threatened when the ratio of the employees to managers become out of proportion (Chatterjee, Kar & Kar, 2013). The management will not be able to have easy control when there are fewer people to control the unrequited behaviour and fewer individuals for the backup or support on the decisions made by the management of Azure Group. The working relationship of the individuals working in Azure Group could struggle. The managers may have to deal with managing too many people every day. The manager may als o find it difficult to connect on a personal level with the employees, which is important in maintaining trust and as the foundation of employees’ accountability and responsibility for the work and the company as a whole. This could pose a major threat on the morale and respect issue of the organization on all authority levels. Having a flat organizational structure can give rise to a power struggle in the Azure Group. Under this flat organizational structure, most of the time the employees lack a specific higher authority to report (Chatterjee, Kar & Kar, 2013). This is mostly prominent n the case when the CEO is not around. This leads to power struggles and confusion among the employees in the management. The flat organizational structure of Azure Group can make employee retention very challenging. Well performing employees who are in constant search for an improvement in the profile of the company, other than the raise in their salary, would find it difficult to find satis faction in the job under a flat organizational structure. These employees may end up searching job somewhere else where they believe that their efforts would be appreciated with a raise and promotion (Hernà ¡ndez, Santos & Gallardo, 2015). The flat organizational structure may also hinder the growth of the company. Change is crucial and has a lot of apprehensions. The management of Azure Group might think and decide against innovative opportunities with a renewed effort in the direction to maintain the organizational structure that may result in limiting the growth of the company in long term. In the flat organizational structure, unhealthy competition among the employees can lead to less motivation and add up to the confusion (Jin, et al., 2014). The most likely system acquisition method for Azure Group would be custom developed software. This system acquisition method is suitable for the company as the processing requirements of Azure Group are specific to the organization and the company has its own application software developed specifically.   As the Azure Group has programmers that it has employed along with the analysts and have set up an internal information technology group of its own, the custom developed software is suitable for the company. Azure Group could use the services of a software house or computer bureau for its assistance, which is insignificant for the company as it is a large scale. Azure Group already is having a full time developed team (Jin, et al., 2014). The company has to acquire the resultant software which is the custom developed software as it exactly suits to the requirement of the company, just as a tailor made suit is appropriate for the purchaser. Azure Group can derive the benefits of th e using a custom developed system acquisition software. This can include the resultant program that would exactly meet the processing requirements of the company. Azure Group is a large scale company having a flat organizational structure. Costs are not a matter for the company and thus, custom software for the system acquisition method is most appropriate for Azure Group (Jin, et al., 2014). The flowchart of sales procedure ( as shown in Appendix I) is an integral part of selling the product of Azure Group. The sale is the initiation of an engagement between the vendor and the customer or the extension of the engagement in the completion of the prospective stage. The provider of the goods or services through the salesperson completes sales in the response to an appropriation or to a request or an acquisition (Osman, El Beltagi & Hardaker, 2015). Then the passing of title of the product, the application along with the due settlement of the price, the obligation arising due to the requirement of the seller to pass the ownership is followed. The issues or problems in this system of the company would include threats regarding the security of the data of the company. The threat of hacking and other vulnerability regarding the theft of eth company’s confidential data and other information regarding the employees can be an issue to the system utilised by the company (Piepenburg, Archambault & Joergensen, 2015). The development and adoption of accounting system package are necessary as a complete realization of the advantages of the computerized accounting systems by Azure Group along with the technical support is critical. The Internet is the backbone across all the telecommunications installations due to which adoption of accounting software packages is necessary. The human resource also has to undertake numerous functions in every department of computer centres and accounting, training, and technical skills are considered very important that should be available for the staff. The lack of accounting software package would affect the field of designing, usage, development of information technology and accounting systems (Ren, et al., 2015). Human resource is the primary element that illustrates effectiveness and efficiency of operating the computerized accounting software package. It is important that the accounting software package has implications on the workforce at the human resource level. Azure Group has diverse benefits in using technology-based innovation like computerized accounting system adoption. Adopting and developing computerized accounting software package enhances the efficiency of the company through faster and cheaper product and service as well as operations development (Salleh, et al., 2015). The current market size for the accounting software includes Europe, China, USA, and Japan including other regions. With reference to the companies that have adopted and developed accounting software package, it is observed that the distribution has changed over the last 10 years. The market size also keeps changing from country to country. The current market size for the accounting software packages is about 65% of the market share. However, market share is a subjective measure. Every company can depict the specific market as varying from the other companies (Sanusi, 2015). The tax and audit service have been a dependable revenue source for the accounting software package over past years, as the demand for these services does not depend on the economic conditions. Accounting software package has also expanded the advisory services by incorporation of new technology such as cloud and data analytics services. The leaders in the accounting software package industry in the Australian market are Intuit, Xero, and MYOB. The competition for the supremacy in the accounting software market is prominent in the huge market. Every business requires keeping a hold on its track regarding its accounts which these companies make very easily in a simple way. These companies know the ways to remove the requirement for the book keepers and allow the business to facilitate a decision regarding cash flow and invoicing management on the operations. These companies are jostling for the share in the market. Adoption of accounting software in the Australian market is occurring at a very fast pace (Wali, Sadq & Rasheed, 2016). Many businesses in Australia are adopting accounting software so as to minimize the tedious paperwork that is often accompanied by errors of commission and omission, costly and time wasting. These companies face challenges due to their department not being autonomous units. In order to have a competitive edge in the market, these companies have their accounting departments entrusted with the collection, processing, and maintenance of online accounting. These companies also put in efforts regarding reconciling the accounting reports from other departments and deal with the incompatible formats and duplications. The approach of Information-centric security is been inculcated in order to control the security and data in the cloud in order to gain competitive advantage (Sanusi, 2015). The current gaps or challenges that are faced by the users or customers using accounting software packages are the lack of security, weak reporting service, lack of efficiency, outdated and lack of accuracy, lack of features, high cost, Difficult to customize and not user-friendly. The software users get worried regarding the security of the data as the foreign parties access them. Some solutions regarding accounting software are powerless in assisting the users who desire of getting the business data out (Sanusi, 2015). Users get disappointed with the fact that it is easy to put in data and impossible to get the data out. Some of the accounting software is not user-friendly (Ren, et al., 2015). They also restrict the users from using their keyboard completely. The companies should focus on the updating of the accounting software. The details regarding the software should be accurate, the system needs to be fast and errors must be checked. New features must be added for making the software more user-friendly (Salleh, et al., 2015). The report reflects the prominence of accounting software packages in business organizations in the competitive environment. Accounting software has gone through a prominent history of development since the invention of information technology. The large accounting software companies of Australia compete in the market characterized by continuously developing small and medium sized business. Strategies including information-centric security, authentication measures, and predicate cryptography should be acquired to deal with the threats security that is associated with the accounting software. Akhtar, M. and Mittail, R.K., 2014. Strategic flexibility information system flexibility and enterprise performance management.  Organizational Flexibility and Competitiveness, Flexible Systems Management, pp.41-51. Amrollahi, A., Ghapanchi, A.H. and Najaftorkaman, M., 2014, December. A Generic Framework for Developing Strategic Information System Plans: Insights from Past Three Decades. In  PACIS  (p. 332). Bernaoui, R., Issolah, R. and Hassoun, M., 2015. Strategic issues of a value-added information system for higher education in Algeria.  Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business, PIEB,  15(1), pp.57-66. Boonstra, A., 2013. How do top managers support strategic information system projects and why do they sometimes withhold this support?.  International Journal of Project Management,  31(4), pp.498-512. Chatterjee, K., Kar, M.B. and Kar, S., 2013, August. Strategic Decisions Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Vikor Method for Information System (IS) Outsourcing. In  Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI), 2013 International Symposium on  (pp. 123-126). IEEE. Farantos, G.I. and Koutsoukis, N.S., 2016. Strategic Information Systems Planning Of Public Sector In Economic Crisis: An Integrated Framework.  European Scientific Journal, ESJ,  12(19). Hernà ¡ndez, O., Santos, M. and Gallardo, S., 2015. SGE: Information System for Strategic Planning Management Applied to an Electric Utility. In  Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science  (Vol. 1). Jin, P.J., Walker, A., Cebelak, M., Walton, C.M. and Nassar, E., 2014. Strategic environmental sensor station (ESS) location determination method based on weather-related crash data for road weather information system (RWIS). In  93rd TRB Annual Meeting. Kandjani, H., Mohtarami, A., Taghva, M.R. and Andargoli, A.E., 2014. Classification and comparison of strategic information systems planning methodologies: a conceptual framework.  International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),  10(1), pp.1-10. Melitski, J. and Manoharan, A., 2014. Strategic Information System Plans in Nations Around the World.  International Journal of Public Administration,  37(12), pp.846-855. Osman, E., El Beltagi, I.M. and Hardaker, G., 2015. The Impact of Leadership Orientation on Strategic Information System Planning Processes, with an Application to Libyan Organizations.  Information Technology for Development,  21(4), pp.601-627. Piepenburg, D., Archambault, P. and Joergensen, L.L., 2015. PANABIO-a strategic approach to large-scale data integration analysis and modelling by means of a geo-referenced information system for predicting the response of benthic biota to environmental change in Arctic seas. Ren, G., Huang, Z., Lu, L., Hua, J. and Wang, J., 2015. Method of generating strategic guidance information for driving evacuation flows to approach safety-based system optimal dynamic flows: Case study of a large stadium.  Journal of Systems Science and Complexity,  28(3), pp.606-622. Salleh, S.M., Kassim, E.S., Sari, N.A.M. and Yunus, N.A.M., 2015. Conceptualizing User Bonding on Strategic Information System Development Success.  Advanced Science Letters,  21(6), pp.2024-2027. Sanusi, A., 2015. Strategic Alignment Model between Information System and Technology Strategy, Empowerment and Good Governance on Managerial Performance (Study of Private Universities KOPERTIS Region II in South Sumatera). Wali, A.I., Sadq, Z.M. and Rasheed, J.S., 2016. The Role of Strategic Information System Characteristics on Customer Service Quality (An Empirical Study at Soran and Sardam Private Hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Erbil City).  International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926,  3(2), pp.1778-1790.

Parti4-comments3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Parti4-comments3 - Essay Example When writing a narrative essay, the  pre-writing  and revising stages become handy, in that they allow for collection of ideas as well as editing them (Clemens, n.d). The  pre-writing  session of a narrative essay  enables  the writer  to  put  precisely,  the information and verbs of the story  together. While as the narrator gathers information in the  pre-writing  session, he edits the information in the revising session (Clemens, n.d). Then, the writer’s aim of putting across his intended message is achieved indeed, following a good  pre-writing  and revision exercise. Usually, the narrative’s point of focus is evident in the first sentence, and eventually appears in the closing sentence, thereby driving the point home. Narratives are purely reliant on personal experience and,  therefore, going through the stage of  pre-writing  and revising ensures that only the important parts, relevant to the story are written.  After the narrator has achieved a good  pre-writing  and editing session  and obtaining the clarity intended for the reader, the outcome is usually a notable impact to the reader.  Notably, a narrative essays  writer does not only center on giving an interesting story, but also focuses on exhibiting the influence or the change brought about by the life experience and to impact the audience’s mind for

Finance 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finance 4 - Essay Example For the size of the area and the number of consumers, Its more easier to establish a market at the least cost. Not just the consumers, In Japan the well equipped and advanced cheap labour force with valuable expertise helps in controlling the production costs hence by gaining more profits which is practically not possible in the United States of America where the labour cost in enormous. The high Japanese GDP shows the technological and economic standard of the country which surely can attract American industry to set up its business. As the facts can be considered, the Japanese market constitutes to 75% of the entire Asiatic market and thus controls the Asiatic market. The high rate of saving in Japan allows the people in Japan to purchase goods if he likes even at a higher price as he/she will have the financial assets. A well-organized infrastructure in the fields of commodity distribution and information and communication; and a good business environment with improved laws and sy stems is an added advantage for the American companies. The Communication advancements and the connectivity by all the 3 modes such as Air, water and land make Japan a favourite FDI place for Americans. The currency exchange rates tempt America the most for them to invest in Japan, The exchange rate being 108.180 Japanese Yen for one US Dollar according to www.xe.com. The inflation also accounts to -.06% so its more reasonable for the company to produce the products in an economical way. Other than that, the Japanese External Trade Organisation called JETRO assists Individual investor with the meetings, laws who is specialised in the international investments and taxations. JETRO also provides free use of private office for a period of maximum 2 months for private bodies and a maximum of 6 months for public bodies. Japan also provides 30% depreciation rate or a tax credit of 7% up to 20% of the corporate tax liability for the purchase of certain machinery and equipments.

Imageries unveiled Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imageries unveiled - Essay Example The general tone is one of obscurity and inconspicuous violence. It contains inconceivably dark images, which this paper is going to explore in the following paragraphs. After the first reading of the story, the reader is sufficiently horrified. But the techniques used by Faulkner make it slightly painless to digest the grotesqueness of the plot. One technique used by the author is that of jumbling the chronology of events in a suspenseful manner. The other is that of the narrator’s shifting point of view, which lays stress on Miss Emily’s strength of rationale, her detachment and her conceit. This diminishes the repugnance of her actions. The narrator of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† functions like a mirror upon Miss Emily Grierson’s life. One critic, Kenneth Payson Kempton calls her an â€Å"extreme of anonymity† yet he asserts his point across the story (Sullivan 1971). Faulkner’s use of symbols and metaphors in the story enhances the intensity of the plot. The story starts with the funeral of Miss Emily to be held in her house, not the Church. The narrator gives a description of Miss Emily and her house. She is compared with the decay of her house in many physical, emotional and mental ways. She also represents the Old South through her southern heritage, points of view and stubbornness. Her death becomes a symbol of a dying generation, since Old South generations were deteriorating very rapidly due to the changing customs and traditions. Faulkner describes her as dressed in black, leaning on a cane. Her â€Å"skeleton† is small and she looks â€Å"bloated† with a â€Å"pallid hue†. He avoids directly saying that she is dead. These phrases of depiction add to the gothic quality of the story. The back and forth movement of the narrative gives the reader a close-up of her life. She remains in denial after her father’s death. For three days she insists that her father is not dead. This prepares th e reader to expect a similar gesture from her after she poisons her lover, Homer Barron. Emily’s house is an emblem of alienation and death, enveloped with mental illness. Just like Emily, the house, too, is an object of fascination for the townspeople. Another symbol in the story is the strand of hair found on the pillow next to the dead corpse. It reminds the reader of the lost love and the extent to which people can go in pursuit of happiness. It also reveals a woman’s inner life, which refuses to submit and chooses to remain in solitude all her life. Emily, as stubborn and strict as she is, believes in abiding by the rules but in her own morality makes it permissible for herself to murder. The narrator foreshadows the discovery of the strand of hair while he portrays Emily’s transformation as she ages. The reader also comes across â€Å"black†, as a color with a very strong imagery. It represents loss, melancholy and obscurity. In her youth, Emily is completely shut from her sympathetic environment (Watkins 1954). She belonged to an aristocratic family. Her father occupied a high social position in the town of Jefferson. He shunned Emily from the rest of the world and forbade her to meet anyone. This attitude was so detrimental to her personality that she could never overcome its strength. She became extremely reliant on her father that it later became difficult for her to forget him. The story is a masterpiece for exposing such an

Report writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report writing - Assignment Example This is the time when the kids get the basics of communications by learning meanings of words, understand grammar and eventually construct sentences and speak fluently. At the same time being able to learn how to communicate using voice, tone, gesture, facial expressions, and body language. (Evesham & Media). As said by Dowling, it is important for parents and teachers to know that communication among children begin from birth. Although they cannot speak at this age, they are able to communicate by crying. They hear and recognize different voices and even languages. Caregivers, teachers and parents play a very vital role in the child’s communication development at this stage. The child should be taught language and speeches since their brain development is faster than any other time of life (Dowling 2010, p.87). This is corroborated by Lindon when he says that the first three years of a child is when the brain cells are developed and therefore it is very critical in the development of the child’s communications skills and that is the reason great attention and care should be taken in what the child hears and sees at this time (Dowling 2010, p.87; Lindon 2012, p.46). It is evident that there has not been much attention on this leading to poor communication among children. There is a worrying trend among the young children since most of them lack personal, emotional and social development at an early age will lead to poor communication. Fox & Lentini says that behavioral problems in children’s development is influenced by the lifestyle of parents. Early exposure to domestic violence and other family problems do have impact on the child’s development. Janice, Masi & Vick adds that parental attachment is an important aspect of emotional and social development of children. The social and emotional health of a child is highly dependent on the attachment to their parents. Poor parental attachment has a negative impact. The mental health of caregivers and

Scientific Method Applied to Forensic Science Paper Essay

Scientific Method Applied to Forensic Science Paper - Essay Example The scientific method is applied to forensic science to help forensic scientists gather needed evidence to come to a conclusion about a criminal event. Though it follows the same basic ideas and techniques as the original tried and true scientific method, forensic science has their own tweaked version of the method, which is as follows: observation and description of a phenomenon, or a group of phenomenon; formulation of a hypothesis, or hypotheses, to explain the phenomenon; use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomenon, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations; â€Å"performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experiments (James, 2009)†. These methods aid forensic scientists in the solving and understanding of the events of criminal investigations. The first step in the forensic scientific method is to observe and describe phenomenon or a group of such. The forensic scientist needs to be able to understand what they are seeing when they are viewing the crime scene and the evidence that they inspect. â€Å"If they describe it wrong or relay the information incorrectly, they will botch the experiment, thus botching the investigation and lessening the chances of solving the crime accurately (Braswell, 2007)†. They have to focus on the entire crime scene, taking in every bit of information that they can and making note and taking pictures of the totality of the scene. The recording of what they find allows them to look back at everything later, giving them the chance to find new evidence that they overlooked during the initial inspection. They have to look at the scene as a whole, breaking the scene up into smaller sections to further their collection of evidence and comprehension of the crime scene. With closer inspection, they can begin to understand what did take place, so all

Schizophrenia in children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Schizophrenia in children - Research Paper Example As the definition indicates, the major symptoms of this disorder include visual and auditory hallucinations, abnormal behavior, and strange feelings and they adversely affect the child’s ability to function normally and to maintain interpersonal relationships. To illustrate, a child who has developed schizophrenia may become shy and reticent and try to live in a world of his/her own. Nearly 50% of children with schizophrenia show severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although this mental disorder has no definite cause, it is often correlated to risk factors like family history. Some recent studies claim that brain changes and biochemical and environmental factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Generally physical, laboratory and psychological examinations are conducted to diagnose schizophrenia in children. ... Prevention of childhood schizophrenia is less possible because many of the early signs of this disorder are very similar to the signs of other disorders. Treatments As discussed already, pediatric schizophrenia is a chronic condition and it needs lifelong treatment even though symptoms may be subsided during some periods of treatment. The treatment for childhood schizophrenia is generally led by a psychiatrist specialist. Since this disorder can affect many areas of the victim’s life, other professionals such as pediatrician, psychotherapist, family members, psychiatric nurse, and social workers are also included in the treatment team. Medications and psychotherapy are mainly employed to treat childhood schizophrenia (Loth & Pataki, 2012). Antipsychotic medications play a central role in treating this disorder although they have not been specifically approved for treating schizophrenia in children. Second generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics are initially used to treat pediatric schizophrenia because they have fewer side effects. As Kuehn (2009) notes, Risperidone and Aripiprazole are the only two second generation antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat this mental disorder in children. Similarly, first generation antipsychotics or conventional antipsychotics are also used to control schizophrenia in children and they are equally as effective as atypical antipsychotics. However, conventional antipsychotics have more severe neurological side effects. In addition, psychotherapy treatments such as individual therapy and family therapy are employed to manage childhood

Can freedom be measured Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Can freedom be measured - Essay Example Can freedom be measured? In some fashion, it would appear so, as many organisations and institutions attempt to quantify freedom utilising various matrices founded on specific criteria which is intended to define freedom. However, the operational definition of what legitimately constitutes freedom, in a fashion that would satisfy the majority, has yet to be developed which makes freedom measurement difficult to justify using existing criteria in various quantitative or qualitative measurement instruments. Hanke and Walters (1997) sees freedom as being invariably linked with political factors, such as the presence of democratic systems within a state and individual wealth. With this in mind, in democratic structures, many nation states attempt to create capitalistic systems, an economic and social system where various economic assets are owned and managed by private individuals, where capital gains are allocated to private ownership, and where pricing is determined by private business with very limited regulation of these capital assets by dominating or oppressive political actors (Degen 2008). If we are to view freedom from an economic perspective, then freedom can most assuredly be measured statistically. An individual attempting to measure freedom could potentially examine the distribution of wealth within a nation and determine whether the majority of wealth is held within elite ruling regimes with considerable power and authority or whether these assets are controlled by the majo rity of a citizenry. Utilising graphic representations, it would illustrate whether this economy being evaluated maintains significant capitalistic tendencies, as compared to other nations where assets are controlled by government, to determine whether this society is freer than another. Of course, such a statistical measurement would be dependent on wealth as a

Indian Automobile Industry Essay Example for Free

Indian Automobile Industry Essay These include passenger cars which are divided into following 6 categories depending upon length: 1. Mini – Car length upto 3400 mm – Maruti 800 and REVA 2. Compact – Length between 3401 and 4000 mm – Maruti Alto, Tata Indica, Hyundai Santro 3. Midsize – Length between 4001 and 4500 mm – Maruti Esteem, Tata Indigo, Hyundai Accent 4. Executive – Length between 4501 and 4700 mm – Toyota Corolla, Honda Civic 5. Premium – Length between 4701 and 5000 mm – Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata 6. Luxury – Length above 5000 mm – Mercedes S-class 2. Utility Vehicles: Tata Sumo and Safari, Toyota Qualis. 3. Multi Utility Vehicles: Maruti Omni and Versa 4. Commercial Vehicles These are divided into 2 categories according to the loads they can carry: 4. 1. Light Commercial Vehicles – Gross vehicle weight limit is 7. 5 tonnes – Cargo, Tempo, Mini Buses, and Mini Trucks etc. Major players are Tata Motors Ltd. , Swaraj Mazda Ltd. , Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. 2. Medium Heavy Commercial Vehicles – Gross vehicle weight limit is above 7. 5 tonnes – Cargo, Trucks, Buses, Trailers. Tata Motors Ltd. and Ashok Leyland Ltd are major players. Scope of Study and Methodology. We begin with an overview of the automobile industry followed by a competitive analysis of the â€Å"Passenger Cars† part of the industry on the following criteria: †¢ Product †¢ Brand †¢ Pricing †¢ Distribution †¢ Marketing Communication In each of these contexts, we try to compare the strategies used by players in different segments: from entry level A segment, to most-competitive B-segment to niche SUVs. We cite examples from cars that have been really successful in any parameter as well as the debacles. Finally, we segment the consumer based on our primary research and discuss their distinctive characteristics. On the basis of our study, we infer the critical factors for success in market and derive insights out of the study. To carry out the above study, we carried out: Secondary research: We scoured the internet including industry data from SIAM and IBEF. We referred to old newspaper and magazine articles as required. This was primarily our basis for competitive analysis. Primary Research: To understand the consumer mindset, we carried out a survey. This survey was conducted online as well as in 14-sector market, Gurgaon. The survey had 94 respondents as below: [pic] We supplemented the survey with interviews Customer Relations Manager at Orion Hyundai and Apra-Motors Maruti showroom. Overview of Indian Passenger Vehicles Industry Indian economy has grown at an average rate of above 8% in the last 5 years and services followed by industrial production have made excellent contributions to this growth. Auto industry has contributed to the GDP to the tune of 5%. The Passenger Vehicles (PV) market grew 14% YoY to 1. 76 million units as against 1. 54 million units sold in last financial year(FY 06-07). It is mainly on account of the impressive growth in the passenger car segment which contributed 80% to the total Passenger Vehicle sales in financial year 2007-08. It (PV) was backed by healthy growth in its domestic sales and exports. Domestic sales grew 12% YoY to 1. 54 million units in financial year 2007-08, whereas the exports increased by 9. 4% YoY to 2. 1 lakhs units in the same time. Over the last five years total PV production has increased at a CAGR of 19. 5%, from 7. 2 lakhs units in 2002-03 to 1. 76 million units in 2007-08. The growth was mainly made possible due to 2 major factors: 1. The continuous improvement in the living standards of the middle class, and subsequent increase in their disposable incomes. 2. the liberalization steps taken by the Indian Government such as relaxation of the foreign exchange and equity regulations, reduction of import tariffs, and refining the banking policies have played an equally important role in bringing the Indian Automobile industry to present level. Add to this the easy availability of components and competence; the global auto companies are looking at India as the manufacturing hub for the next generation models. India is poised to become small car hub, not only in terms of production but also product development. Global car majors like Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, Mercedes Benz and Renault have made huge investments owing to the positive sentiment in the market. Major Manufacturers in Passenger Cars Industry in India are: †¢ Maruti Udyog Ltd. (45% market share) †¢ Hyundai Motor India Ltd. (16%) †¢ Honda Motors †¢ Tata Motors Ltd. (14%) Overall, there is still just 1 car per 100 people in India as against 74 cars per 100 in US. Thus, Indian market has a huge potential in future. Competitive Analysis Product level Analysis. Here, we study the product strategy of automobile industry from a marketing point of view. We begin with a study of customer-value hierarchy, of which the marketer needs to address each of the five levels while planning product offering. Then in product differentiation we study different factors on which car is differentiated. Customer-Value Hierarchy (Product levels): |Core benefit |It is the service or benefit the customer is really buying. In case of automobiles those benefits are | | |convenience, transportation, speed. | |Basic product |At second level the core benefit is turned into basic product. In the case the product is car. It | | |typically includes an IC engine, mechanism to provide motion and steering, chassis. | |Expected product |At the third level, an expected product is prepared which includes a set of attributes and conditions | | |buyers normally expect when they purchase a product. All car buyers expect comfort, safety and | | |functional characteristics (fuel economy, handling, repair frequency etc). Other expectations differ | | |from one segment of buyers to other. For a middle class buyer value for money is important for e. g. | | | Maruti 800 but for an upper class buyer where money is not an issue, prestige is the criteria for e.g. | | |Hyundai Tucson, Jaguar etc. Other expectations include good sound system, leather upholstery, more | | |seating capacity, more power etc. | |Augmented product |It is a product that exceeds consumer expectations. It is created by inclusion of additional features, | | |benefits, attributes or related services that serve to differentiate the product from its competitors. | | |For automobile industry these features include insurance service, test drive, attractive offers, after | | |sales service, availability of service centres, easy financing options such as EMIs, wide dealer | | |network etc. | |Potential product |It encompasses all the possible augmentations and transformations the product or offering might undergo| | |in the future. These include latest technology, design changes etc for e. g. Design of Maruti 800 has | | |changed consistently over the years. | Product Differentiation: |Features |Cars are often offered with varying features that supplement their basic function. For e. g. Hyundai i10| | |(a compact car) boasts of features similar to a sedan. | |Performance quality |Performance is becoming an increasingly important dimension for differentiation. Car companies invest | | |hugely on RD to come up with new improved engines so that performance can be improved. For e. g. Santro| | |Xing considers its eRLX engine as a differentiator. | |Reliability |It is a measure of the probability that a product will not malfunction or fail within a specified time | | |period. Maruti Omni is one such car; it is differentiated as a ‘faithful workhorse’. | |Style |It describes the product’s look and feel to the buyer. It is very important because even before | | |performance people judge a car by its look. Swift DZire from Maruti stable claims itself as ‘the heart | | |car’ with striking looks. | |Design |Apart from look and feel, this factor takes into account the function of the product as well. Maruti | | |SX4 claims of revolutionary European design. | Brand Maruti 800, the entry level car in the Indian market, has long been positioned as the family car. While it competes against bigger B-segment cars, its sales have been cannibalized recently by Alto whose basic model is priced jus Rs. 30,000 above the basic M800. Through the Alto, Maruti is trying to move the consumer up the value chain. M800 has also been targeting the semi-urban and rural areas where it is positioned as an alternative to two-wheeler. To see how to manage an automobile brand through its product life cycle, we look at Santro Xing and Tata Indica. Both were launched around 10 years ago, and have evolved and repositioned themselves successfully. Santro was launched in 1998 as an upgrade for the entry-level car and positioned as a family car targeted at 35-40 year olds. In 2003, the product was refreshed as Santro Xing. The brand now aimed to appeal to the first time car buyers rather than be an upgrade. To catch the young buyers in 25-30 year age group, the brand was positioned as the â€Å"Sunshine car. † Sunshine was communicating two intangibles: Freshness and youthful attitude. The brand moved to a Change your life positioning. Today, Santro is facing declining phase in maturity stage in its PLC. The sales have stagnated and price war from Maruti and a slew of new launches in compact car segment have hurt the sales of Santro. Santro is banking on price cuts and sales promotions to stay afloat. Hyundai has recently launched a new brand i10 to take the place of Santro. Similarly, Tata Motors recently launched the new generation Indica Vista. This is an update on Indica V2’s seven variants. Over the years, Tata has invested heavily in product and brand development, yet the sales of Indica have recently declined. This is because the product has reached the declining maturity stage. And to counter this, Tata’s have gone in for strategy of product modification. Indica Vista is Tatas entry into the luxury hatchback segment which is dominated by Maruti Swift and has new entrants like Hyundai i10. The original Indica has also been retained in the product line. These two product lines together offer a wide choice to the customers from price points of Rs 2. 80 lakhs to Rs 5 Lakhs. The Indica Vista has a new tagline of â€Å"Changes Everything† is used to communicate that the brand has changed. The ads are also more tuned to attract the new generation. However, the core strength of the brand remains its value proposition. In the C and D segment, the cars are positioned on distinct personalities rather than benefits or attributes. For example, when GM launched Optra against heavy-weights such as Honda City and Sonata, it aimed at an emotional positioning platform. The brand, which was targeted at executives in age 30-45, tried to communicate Love, Care and Warmth as its core values. To convey this, Optra used an apt tagline, â€Å"For a special journey called life. † Niche cars use their own unique appeals e. g. SUVs such as Scorpio position on their size and sense of adventure. Thus, we have seen that while brands manage to differentiate from each other through a unique proposition, there is some commonality in how cars are positioned within each segment. Pricing Pricing decisions are management decisions about what to charge for the products and services that the companies deliver. In car industry, the pricing decisions vary from segment to segment. In entry level cars, the companies price the cars low and give all basic features a car would offer. This segment had a monopoly in India with Maruti 800 being the sole player. Maruti has traditionally been employing promotional schemes to increase the sales of Maruti 800 rather than decreasing its price. In compact car segment, the cars cater to the affluent middle-class people who wish to graduate to cars which provide extra glamour compared to entry level cars. Due to fierce competition in this segment price emerges as an important factor affecting the purchasing decision of consumers. Hence the pricing decision is not only dependent on the perceived value of the customer but also dependent on the competitor’s pricing strategies. Maruti’s aggressive price reduction of Alto has displaced Hyundai’s Santro from No. 1 spot in 2004. In Mid-size segment, as the customers’ aspirations are more inclined towards design, advanced features and luxury the car offers, pricing doesn’t play as big a role as it does in compact segment. In fact, there is a tag of premiumness attached to the price in this segment. As an example, Hyundai Elantra’s sales dropped when its price had been reduced from Rs. 10lakh to Rs. 8 lakh. Distribution This section is explained through the study the supply chain at Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL). Logistics goes beyond mere distribution management. It is improving the quality of the supply chain itself to achieve a cost-effective distribution mechanism. This is the philosophy which drives Maruti Udyog Ltd (MUL), the countrys biggest passenger car manufacturer. Dependent on over 300 suppliers for some 7,000 components that go into its 9 major models and their 200 variants, the company keeps control over costs at every stage to remain competitive. This is achieved only through close coordination with the vendors. The streamlined state of supply chain at Maruti is achieved through following measures: †¢ It implements innovative material handling solutions which reduces wastage. †¢ It collaborates with its vendors to localize components supply. This not only increases productivity but also removes uncertainties in supply. †¢ The schedule for indenting components is precisely planned so that inventory holding process is optimized. The schedules issued every fortnight are further fine tuned by an online system for replenishment of inventory on an electronic card system. This avoids inventory build up or unanticipated deliveries by vendors as supplies are made only after receipt of the indent card from MUL. This brings inventory management down to the doorsteps of the vendors, who produce only what is indented †¢ The delivery instruction are revised daily and location wise to exactly meet the assembly line requirements. This strategy is adopted to tackle the fluctuating market demand, accentuated by the intense competition in the automobile business now. †¢ Various steps are taken to improve the productivity of operator and machine and reducing and recycling waste. Marketing Communication Hyundai, a Korean car company launched its first car, SANTRO in 1998. They had many challenges as Maruti had a strong hold over the car market, and people were not willing to accept the tall boy car. Moreover the customers were skeptical regarding after sales-service support and spares availability and had limited belief in the Korean car company. Hyundai came up with advertisements which focused on car quality. They had Shahrukh Khan as their brand ambassador. They started with teaser ads but later promoted it as the ‘Sunshine Car indicating freshness and youthful attitude Maruti, on the other hand, concentrated on its wide service network and spare parts availability, Hyundai gave a lot of stress on car features in its advertisement for e. g. Hyundai came up with Zip drive. In 2003 a new trend was seen where in advertisements of Mahindra Bolero, Mahindra Scorpio and Hyundai Santro, women were seen driving the car. Thus targeting the fast growing working women segment. Hyundai has come up with special schemes for working women. They are also offering loans to women at 0. 75% lower rate of interest than the market rate. MSIL and GM India have introduced special financing schemes to attract customers from semi urban and rural areas. In 2007 when Maruti launched SX4, they positioned it as a ‘manly car’ through their ads. Xeta introduced by Tata was aimed at rendering better fuel efficiency at a competitive price and the ads highlighted it. They aimed to create a unique brand identity in petrol segment and promoted it through ads, print media ads, internet and test drive. In 2002 Hyundai topped TV advertising in 2002 but from 2003 Maruti picked up and came to number one slot. About 50% of the advertisement is done during feature films and news bulletin. For the newly launched i10 Hyundai has aggressively advertised it by posters of i10 throughout the showroom and hanging banners. (see examples of print ads of cars in various segments in Annexure 2) Consumer Segments and their Distinctive Characteristics. Instead of developing segment profiles based on secondary research, we categorised consumers based on our interviews with car dealers and the survey we conducted across various consumer categories. Through this primary data, we identified three broad kind of customers based on their distinctive buying behaviours. †¢ Analytical customer: One who buy car after researching internet and other sources. These customers are aware of the various options available in the market and know what car they need to buy even before their first visit to the dealer. This is usually a middle-class price conscious consumer looking to obtain value for his money. †¢ Confused customer: The biggest category of consumers; those who don’t know which car to buy because they have been the target of a lot of promotions and heard Word-of-Mouth from friends, family and other influencers. These customers have a fair amount of idea of the price and other attributes of the car they want to buy but can’t decide on the actual model. These customers buy the car after a proper need analysis has been done at the car dealer’s showroom. †¢ Copy-cat Customer: The last is the category of the customers who buy a car after seeing a similar car with their friends or neighbours. These people want some exact colour and model and cannot be classified as rational consumers. This category is constituted of those customers who do impulse buying. Further, we look at the consumer for each segment. We observe that in the B-segment a customer usually goes for value-for-money proposition. 67% respondents gave a rating of 4 or 5 to price as a critical factors while buying a car while 74. 4% respondents gave mileage same importance. Most of these people preferred cars priced around 4-6 lakhs. The C and D segment cars sell because their various attributes communicate a certain image. Here, the customer looks for attributes like power, newest technology and exclusivity. Out of the 32 people who rated technology as 5 and 19 people who rated power as 5, majority of them considered buying a car in the price range of 6 lakhs and above. Resale value of the car and the number of service stations is crucial deal-maker. Most of the consumers and the company people also say that the ad campaigns and the endorsements don’t play a major role in deciding which car to buy apart from creating awareness about the launch and availability of the new model. Only 6% of people rated endorsements as 5 as a deciding criteria. SUVs are normally the second or third car in the family. These consumers do not buy on the value proposition but rather on the image proposition. Seating capacity, premium image, innovative features and a need to portray an adventurous image are some of the benefits that a customer seeks from the SUV that he is buying. The survey results also depict that consumers are more inclined towards new models launched in the market including new variants of old cars. Maruti SX4, Hyundai i10 and Maruti Swift are the cars that appeal to most of the respondents. Factors Critical for Success. Selling a car is part delivering product and part providing service. So the car manufacturer has to ensure both quality of the product and the experience of using it. However, we must understand that the typical customer for a B-segment car differs significantly from that of an SUV. His lifestyle, his car usage, and his expectations from his vehicle change. In the B segment, there are three factors critical for success: †¢ Value for Money- This is a price-conscious consumer. For a car, price constitutes one time purchase price, as well as the petrol costs reflected in the mileage. In our survey as well as our talk we the Hyundai dealer †¢ After sales service network- When we asked the Hyundai dealer, what was the one thing a new player needed to provide to compete with them or Maruti, we met one word response: service. In fact, the dealer provided the example of Ford saying, while their cars had great engine and quality, they couldnt compete nationally because of poor after sales service network. Ford has now made a tie-up with Tatas to rectify the same. †¢ Product Quality- Since, the car market works essentially through Word-of-Mouth, it is crucial that you product meets the consumer expectation. Else, you run the risk of losing the customer not only from this car, but your company altogether, and taking additional potential customers with him. As we move into C-segment, value for money becomes lower in priority for the customer. He is looking for a status symbol now. These critical factors come in †¢ Prestige- There must be a buzz around your brand and the brand should have a premium image. †¢ Power The cars in this category have more power giving a better pick-up and smoother drive. †¢ Latest technology- The sedans are known for newest innovative technology and the customers are seen to prefer product innovations. †¢ Safety Safety features have often been neglected in the Indian markets. But typically sedans come fitted with the state of the art safety features. Insights derived out of Study †¢ Buying a car is a family decision- this held true across the board in our survey, with majority of respondents owning one family-per-car. However, the women are not much of an influencer while buying a car- in fact, most hesitated to respond to the survey, pushing their accompanying male ahead. †¢ Hyundais strength is technology and product quality, while people look to Maruti for good after sales service and high resale value. †¢ Dealer-manufacturer relationship is crucial- car companies depend on the dealers to tap the nerve of the local consumers. So the relationship between the company and the dealer needs to be good. In most cases the companies allow the dealers to run local promotional schemes and take other such initiatives. †¢ Endorsements and advertisements have minimal influence on customer decision (the B-segment). From the survey, we infer that when a middle class customer is shelling Rs 4-6 Lakhs from his pocket, he normally does considerable research before buying a car. †¢ Safety provisions- Indian car manufacturers do not provide ABS and airbags as standard safety features in entry level and B segment cars, while they do so in models they export. The consumer is also not demanding these yet. †¢ Cars are still a prestige issue in the semi urban and rural areas. Many consumers in these areas buy those cars which their neighbours have bought. †¢ Car awards and launch of a new model boost up the sales overtime. But the real sales happen only because of the quality of the product and not because of promotion.

How Will Science and Technology Change Our Life in Future Essay Example for Free

How Will Science and Technology Change Our Life in Future Essay Cricket  is a  bat-and-ball  game played between two teams of 11 players on a  field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long  pitch. One team  bats, trying to score as many  runs  as possible while the other team  bowls  and  fields, trying to  dismiss  the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch and touching the  crease  there without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an  innings. In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from  20 overs  of six bowling deliveries per side to  Test cricket  played over five days. The court in Guildford heard on Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian date, equating to the year 1598 in the Gregorian calendar) from a 59 year-old  coroner,  John Derrick, who gave witness that when he was a scholar at the Free School at Guildford, fifty years earlier, hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play [on the common land] at creckett and other plaies. [13][14]  It is believed that it was originally a childrens game but references around 1610[14]  indicate that adults had started playing it and the earliest reference to inter-parish or  village cricket  occurs soon afterwards. In 1624, a player called  Jasper Vinall  was killed when he was struck on the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex. [15] During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England. By the end of the century, it had become an organised activity being played for high stakes and it is believed that the first professionals appeared in the years following the  Restoration  in 1660. A newspaper report survives of a great cricket match with eleven players a side that was played for high stakes in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known reference to a cricket match of such importance. The game underwent major development in the 18th century and became the national sport of England. Betting played a major part in that development with rich patrons forming their own select XIs. Cricket was prominent in London as early as 1707 and large crowds flocked to matches on the  Artillery Ground  in Finsbury. The  single wicket  form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match. Bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old hockey stick shape. TheHambledon Club  was founded in the 1760s and, for the next 20 years until the formation of  MCC  and the opening of  Lords Old Ground  in 1787, Hambledon was both the games greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sports premier club and the custodian of the  Laws of Cricket. New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lbw).

Bill of Quantity in Civil Engineering

Bill of Quantity in Civil Engineering INTRODUCTION As stated in the assignment brief, the objective of this assignment is to appreciate and disseminate the knowledge, techniques and skills of measurement into actual practice and to expose the students with the production of Bills of Quantity referring to the measurement work done as part of tender documentation requirements. Based on CESMM, measurements can be classified as coordination and planning of quantities and also to list the details of the work to ensure it is running with a consistent, systematic and new construction techniques were explained well. Bill of Quantities is prepared by Quantity Surveyor based on measurement from the construction drawings / building plans. This document has been used in the construction of buildings which has been detailed in the context of the quantity of each category of work performed. For an example, building works, mechanical, electrical works, civil, structural works and infrastructure works. The contractor will priced or estimate all the works associated in completing the buildings during pre-construction stage. The civil works measurement referred to a document called Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM). Before this document is produced, the party who responsible for the working measurement refers to the method adopted in the United Kingdom named ‘CESMM 2nd Edition or 3rd Edition’. There are most of the benchmark method used in building works, they use their own measurement system. This leads to inconsistencies in the measurement procedure. As a result, contractors are having difficulty to appreciate the tender. Work on the actual measurement must take into account the complexity of the work undertaken. Work measurement for any item of work is also closely associated with the activities and construction methodology. TASK 1 Discuss the importance of Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM) in the civil engineering works / projects taking-off. Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM) is to be used in conjunction with the Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Works. CESMM does not deal with the preparation of Bills of Quantity for mechanical electrical engineering work, building work or work which is seldom encountered in civil engineering contracts. If any such work to be included in the contract, such work shall be measured in accordance with their respective Standard Method of Measurement and shall be stated in the Preambles to the Bills of Quantity. CESMM provides a standard format, either in the form of items components and how they should be measured. A multi-level classification introduced in CESMM or space for a description of the work that can be developed. In the other hand, CESMM is to understand the purpose of using a standardised method of measurement. CESMM measurement method using the concept of method-related charges to present the cost of construction at the site in more obvious, such as covering the cost of site preparation and building machinery operating costs, and labor force. The importance of CESMM are be able to prepare bill items and re-measure completed work in accordance in civil engineering works. Be aware of the structure and application of Method Related Charges, unique to CESMM and the benefits arising from this facility. Be aware and appreciate the relationship of the Method of Measurement and the Conditions of Contract in the civil engineering works. TASK 2 Identify and discuss the contents of the tender document to be prepared for the tendering stage. The tendering stage is the process of selecting and appointing the contractor for the main construction contract. The contents of the tender document to be prepared for the tendering stage are: Letter of Invitation to tender– The bidder produce a formal letter to the tenderer, stated the tender closing date and time. Introduction-The tenderer invites bidder to submit a detailed proposal on the provision of equipment/system/software/services/works are detailed in the Tender Document. Conditions of contract – A written agreement is intended to bind the contractor appointed by the employer based on the laws and conditions imposed and agreed. Contract Drawings – technical / detailed construction drawings for measurement / costing by Quantity Surveyor / engineers – prepared by architect / engineers. Specification / Preambles A brief description of the materials and workmanship, the standard or quality of workmanship .It must convey the architect and engineer’s requirements. Bill of Quantities – Prepared by the Quantity Surveyor/stint on the size of the construction drawing plan / building. This document has detailed all the quantities for each category of work used in the construction of buildings. For example, building works, mechanical, electrical, civil, structural works, infrastructure works and other contractors would cost / budget all work related to the completion of pre-construction building. Investigate the Tenderer Financial standing – Look back into the audited accounts for past three years whether they have stable financial background. Get confidential report from firm’s bank. Instructions to Bidder – Purpose of Instructions. Tender Acknowledgement. Tender Document Preparation of Proposals. Submission of Proposals – (technical unpriced commercial proposals, priced commercial proposals, softcopy format) Acceptance of Bidder’s Proposal. Validity of Bidder’s Proposals. Queries Confidentially of Tender Document. Audit of Bidder’s Facilities. .Pre-award Meetings. Bidder Questionnaires Forms. Suspension and cancellation Award of Contract. Proposal Submission Guidelines. Scope of Works, Technical Specifications Requirements. Bill of Quantity (BQ) and Price Schedules. Bidder’s Compliances to Tenderer General’s Terms and Conditions. Tender Acknowledgement Form. One of the contents in the tender document is conditions of contract. What are the available conditions of contract, which are commonly used in the construction project? Contract Agreement. Letter of Acceptance. Tender and Appendix to Tender (as submitted by the Contractor in the Tender) Particular Conditions of Contract, Conditions Part 11(Part of Tender Document) General Conditions of Contract, Conditions Part 1(Example, as published by DM) Specifications(parts of Tender Documents) Drawings. Priced Bill of Quantities. What are the functions of the conditions of contract? The functions of Contract Conditions is to set out the principal legal relationship between the parties to a construction project, determining the allocation of risk and consequently, price. Conditions of contract must be read in conjunction with specification documents, drawings bills of quantities, activity schedules and special conditions. Standard form contracts often comprise suites of contracts with ‘back to back’ subcontracts, consultant appointments and collateral warranties. The formal conditions of contract in a tendering process is: Certification of free competition For the purpose of restricting competition to the price in the tender shall not be taken in consultation discretion. Restriction of publicity action Tenderers are not authorised to mention in their publicity that they have been invited to tender, are tendering or have tendered. Validity period of tender The tender shall specifically state a period of validity of 4 months from the closing date for the receipt of tenders, or such other period as may be provided for in the Special Conditions of Tender. Period for tender preparation The closing date for submission of tenders is stated in the cover letter. Extensions of this period, requested in writing, will only be considered by the Agency if operational requirements so permit, and if, in the case of competitive tendering, fair competition is not thereby impaired. Requests for extensions received less than two weeks before the closing date will,not be considered. Right to audit During its validity period, to request the tenderer to provide evidence of any element of his quotation and may call for additional detailed information irrespective of the type of price proposed. The Agency reserves the right to audit the quoted prices. Negotiation prior to contract award The Agency reserves the right to negotiate with one or more tenderers before taking a decision on the placing of a contract. The offer shall remain valid until changes are agreed in writing. The original offer, as modified shall constitute a binding revised offer. CONCLUSION Civil Engineering is a broad field containing many engineering sub-fields, such as transportation engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering and construction engineering. I understand the knowledge, techniques and skills of measurement with the production of Bills of Quantity referring to the measurement work according to the requirements of Tender Documents. In addition, I must also thanked to my group members and also my lecturer, Mr. Kumarason, as they helped me a lot in the measurement part in Task 2. It helps to create clear open channels of measurements and the procedures in tendering documents, improved my productivity in measurements skills and help keep morale high. In short, this assignments helps me to accept the idea of working in a construction site in future, following the rules and achieving correct Tendering Document. Therefore, this assignments helped me share ideas which ultimately lead me to innovation and better opportunity in my future under takings. REFERENCES Traditional Contract tender.info.[online] Available at : http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Traditional_contract:_tender  [Accessed on 8th July 2014] Construction Contract Conditions.info.[online] Available at : http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_contract_conditions [Accessed on 8th July 2014] Bill of Quantity.info.[online] Available at: http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Bill_of_quantities [Accessed on 9th July 2014] Seeley I.H., Winfield R. – Building Quantities Explained, Fifth Edition, Macmillan (1999) Willis A.J., Willis C.J. – Elements of Quantity Surveying, Seventh Edition, Granada (1978)

Hawthornes The Artist of the Beautiful, Pollacks Stitches in Time, an

Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Artist of the Beautiful, Barbara Pollack's Stitches in Time, and Car Jung's The Spirit Man, Art and Literature The artist has been a mystery to many of us: unexplainably driven in his work; seemingly unconcerned with any other aspects of his life; often oblivious to the world around him. The artists in Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Artist of the Beautiful," Barbara Pollack's "Stitches in time," and Carl Jung's "The Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature" represent some or all of these characteristics. I decided to base this paper on these readings because I found the ideas presented in them interesting and worth exploring. Jung writes a very interesting piece that examines the artist's source of creativity. He dismisses Freud's claims that art stems from the personal experience of the artist. Jung believes that the true essence of art grows from the "rising above the personal and speaking from the mind and heart of the artist to the mind and heart of mankind (para 156)." Hawthorne also expresses this idea through his protagonist Owen Warland. Warland overcomes his feelings of frustration and rejection from society to complete his creation and express his ideas. Through his "beautiful" (his creation) he is finally able to show what occupies his mind and heart. Warland's audience - Robert Danforth, Danforth's wife Annie, their little son and Annie's father Peter Hovenden - is amazed Warland has finally completed his "beautiful." The reader experiences similar amazement with "Stitches in Time:" it is amazing how women who have little or no formal education, who spend most of their day farming, toiling and caring for families, can create such magnificent quilts from scrap material. Quilting fo... ...sts and the "artsy" types, which aligns with the views of many people, has generally been persons who have some sort of problem with themselves, their family and/or their sexuality. Jung notes that the artist cannot have time to develop his human side for he must focus on his artistic side for "these are nothing but the regrettable results of his being an artist, a man upon whom a heavier burden is laid than ordinary mortals. A special ability demands a greater expenditure of energy, which must necessarily leave a deficit on some other side of life (paral 58)." All three pieces portray artists who are driven to create, be it to fulfill their destinies or simply for pleasure. I believe the artist, like the women of Gee's Bend, should not separate himself from the world around him but immerse himself in the wonder that is life and draw from it the energy to create.

A Wind from a Foriegn Sky :: essays research papers

A Wind from a Foriegn Sky A Wind From a Foreign Sky is a very interesting novel. It is full of magic, knights, witches and all sorts of unknown evil. In the beginning of the novel, Gaultry, the heroine, is in the town on market day, she's attacked on her way home, but is saved by a knight, sent by her father. Martin, her rescuer, was sent by Gaultry's father to protect her and her sister, Mervion. Gaultry soon finds out that the Chancellor is set to kill Mervion on their holy night, they decide to rescue her. Their travels were plagued by many mishaps, some of which Gaultry's powers provoked. Gaultry begins to notice a strong feeling for Martin, who is also feeling the same for her. They have fallen in love with each other. After many days of travel, they reach the Prince's kingdom in the town of Princeport. Gaultry uses her Magic powers to save her beloved sister, and like any good story, everyone lives happily ever after.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think if I could meet anyone of the characters in the novel, I would like to meet Gaultry. Gaultry reminds me of myself in many ways. She is smart, but she does not always think until it is too late. She always gets herself into trouble by not thinking before acting. Like in the near beginning of the novel when she was attacked by a group of men, instead of using her cunning, she ran. She was almost raped and beaten because of her quick reaction to a situation that might have been avoided. Gaultry is really an everyday hero, she is not stronger, smarter, or braver than any other character in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think I would like to live in the time and setting of this novel. It does not exactly state what time everything occurs, but from passages like the following, I was able to assume it was during a medieval time and place. The worn leather of the scabbard had gone clear as glass and the mighty sword that lay beneath the battered casing could be clearly seen. Six runes power winked out along its blade embossed into the metal like evil, shifting eyes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although this passage does not clearly state what period, using text clues I figured it had to be medieval. The place where everything occurs is not anyplace that ever existed, but a place very similar to England or Ireland.

technology :: essays research papers

over the RAMALLAH, West Bank (AP) - Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat (news - web sites) rebuffed Secretary of State Colin Powell (news - web sites)'s demand Sunday for a halt to violence, saying Israel first must withdraw its troops from the West Bank. Photos AP Photo Slideshows AP Photo Mideast Conflict Audio/Video Powell to Meet With Arafat Sunday (AP) Powell, shuttling back to Israel for a meeting in Tel Aviv, then pressed Prime Minister Ariel Sharon (news - web sites) for a complete pullback, a U.S. official said. Sharon renewed his proposal for an international peace conference among Israel and Arab states including Saudi Arabia, Syria and Lebanon and the Palestinians, but not Yasser Arafat. Sharon said the United States would lead the conference, and "I imagine that within a short time a conference of this sort will convene to debate the diplomatic arrangements in the Middle East." Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said the proposal was an attempt to "turn the clock backward." A senior U.S. official said the idea was discussed "as part of a way to move forward politically," but more talks were needed. Arafat, 72, appeared in good health as he met with Powell in his rocket-scarred headquarters that is surrounded by Israeli tanks and troops. Arafat has been under pressure that is "unreal for an old man like him," said Zeid Abu Shawish, a Palestinian doctor in the compound. Powell was driven to the besieged compound in a motmorcade of armored-plated SUVs, shielded by U.S. security personnel with submachine guns. The headquarters showed the effects of Israeli bombardment. A gaping hole marred the facade and the walls were blackened with bullet marks. A senior aide, Saeb Erekat, said Arafat stood by his commitments, including an end to violence. But, Erekat said after the three-hour meeting, that meant "once the Israelis complete the withdrawal we will, as Palestinians, then carry out our obligations." Arafat complained bitterly and extensively to Powell about Israel's military thrust into Palestinian-held towns and villages, and especially its actions in Jenin and a refugee camp in the town. President Bush (news - web sites) has demanded a pullback right away, but Sharon refused to provide a timetable when he saw Powell on Friday in Jerusalem. They met again briefly Sunday night in Tel Aviv. Powell, in a short statement to reporters, called his meeting with Arafat useful and constructive. A senior U.S. official said Powell's "clear message" to Arafat in a 45-minute presentation was "the bombings have to stop, that it was a major barrier" to progress toward a security agreement or on negotiations that Powell has said should lead to establishment of a Palestinian state.

Project Management Institute Essay

The main motive of the Project Management Institute is to make the project management indispensable for the generation of the ultimate business results. PMI functions in over 170 countries having members more than 265000 at their advantage, thus making it as a leading membership association for the profession of project management. It is one among the best not-for-profit and non-political organization which conducts programs with the governments, industries and organizations to deliver the best project management programs with the best results. PMI education foundation speaks on the knowledge gaining and portraying the skills and the art for educational and social welfare. PMI also promotes research and providing avenues for building up wealth of information and also indulging in offering certification, networking and activities involving the community at large, thus managing to attain its global presence and global certification in their noble profession. Scope of its Membership: Becoming a member of the PMI institute gives an opportunity for the members to get themselves certified as a professional imparting and demonstrating the skills required thereby helping themselves in standing out in the crowd. To become a member PMI has varied plans suiting the different segments based on their needs where in there are plans for an individual – for those willing to learn and update the best practices in businesses, student – those having degree program at a recognized institute, retiree – having retired from active employment and has a good reputation for 5 consecutive years and those interested in renewing their memberships (renewal). The various benefits which the memberships provide – include the vast knowledge sharing and information search happening in generating the opportunities for themselves and the institute. It gives immense openings for capturing on the capability of getting them networked through the different PMI communities there by getting nurtured with respect to the leadership qualities and being an active participants as volunteers in the various communities, certification programs, research programs, standard programs etc. The members also have scope of getting accessed to the knowledge resources of PMI known as the Project Management Body of Knowledge and also their career frameworks. Along with this opportunity which the members can acquire, they also have an edge over non-members in terms of getting access to the various publications, journals, e-links, virtual library, eReads and References which are set by PMI. The reason one should join PMI is to allow them to be build relationships, improvise on once skills, gain the latest and the first hand information and learn some of the best known practices. Memberships in PMI showcase certain features and characteristics to the peers which indicate their enthusiasm in quality, productivity and return on investments, their seriousness about their own individual development and their own profession and finally their commitment to the ethical business practices shown by the institute. The services which PMI provides to its members – With respect to the career development provided to the members of PMI, the association helps in availing the Certification and the Credentials, providing an extensive job search database which is availed by Career Headquarters at PMI, Making themselves groomed by undertaking various Training and Events happening by seminar worlds, to e-learning initiatives and providing the ultimate solution to the best practices and opportunities in the field of learning and in turn meeting up to the schedules, goals and the interests of the institution. PMI also guides the members in customer services, flexibility in changing and viewing orders, information on payment, pricing and promotions opportunities, shipping and handling assistance, privacy and security all under one umbrella known best for its marketplace. PMI has a strong Business Solutions concept which keeps the members get going by the challenges they have in career framework, Business and Government solutions on a global front to build up the institution on a worldwide basis and providing Organizational maturity in terms of managing the projects, programs and portfolios to generate and plan for its growth. This PMI provides project management implementation and consultancy services to their members and customers by providing added benefits in terms of the latest releases, news archives, articles of interests etc. The five major groups which PMI builds upon its profession are Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling and closing phases and the various knowledge areas which they address to are integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk management and procurement.

How to Make Apple Pie

1-1/2 to 1-3/4 pounds Cortland orchard orchard orchard apple tree tree trees ( around 4 medium) 1 pound gran smith apples ( nearly 2-1/2 medium) 2 teaspoonfuls angelic maize juice 2/3 cup packed light br give scraping 1/4 cup incr eternal rest 1 tablespoonful form colewort 3 tablespoons cornstarch 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon more(prenominal) to taste 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt 1/8 teaspoon ground nutmeg 1 astronomical egg white 2 teaspoons unsalted howeverter, softened, plus 1 tablespoon cold unsalted butter, fill in into half-size (1/4- butt over against) cubes 4 to 6 tablespoons all-purpose dr frame in 2 refrigerated piegalls (or throw your own with the Flaky Pie Pastry pattern at the bottom of the page) anxietysPosition twain oven stands in the turn down third of the oven and h extinguish the oven to 400 degrees F. To wee the filling Peel the apples, cut separately in half from exonerate to bottom, recede the cores with a melon baller, and strik e down the ends with a pare knife. order the apples, cut face down, on a cutting board. disaster the Cortland apples crosswise into 3/4-inch pieces, and whence halve each piece diagonally. Cut the Granny Smith apples crosswise into 1/4-inch slices, departure them whole. Put the apples in a big(a) roller and toss with the lemon juice.Combine the cookish sugar, 1/4 cup of the granulated sugar, the cornstarch, cinnamon, kosher salt, and nutmeg in a pocketable bowl. (Dont hyperkinetic syndrome this to the product yet. ) In a small dish, gently bunk the egg white with 1 teaspoon irrigate. Set a posture. Assemble the pie Butter a 9-inch ovenproof glass (Pyrex) pie plate, including the rim, with the 2 teaspoons of softened butter. strike 2 to 3 tablespoons of flour into the muster up of a pastry scratch cloth, forming a circularise about 15 inches across, and also into a rolling pin stocking. If you dont have a pastry cloth, rub the flour into a large, smooth-weave, cott on kitchen towel and use a floured rolling pin.Roll one of the disks of dirty money into a circle thats 1/8 inch thick and about 15 inches across. Lay the rolling pin across the upper third of the pelf circle call forth the pastry cloth to softly mantlepiece the dough over the pin and and then roll the pin toward you, wrapping the stay dough loosely thoroughly-nigh it. take into custody the rolling pin over the leaping of the pie plate well(p)est to you. Allowing for about a 1-inch overhang, unroll the dough away from you, rest it into the contours of the pan. If the dough isnt centered in the pan, gently adjust it and then lightly call down it into the pan.Take care not to stretch the dough. If it tears, entirely press it back to lowerher the dough is quite forgiving. Brush the bottom and statuss of the dough with a light coating of the egg-white lap up (you wont consume all of it). Leaving a 1/4-inch overhang, cut around the molding of the dough with kitchen sh ears. Combine the sugar garland with the apples and toss to coat well. Mound the apples in the pie plate, rearranging the fruit as needed to bemuse the pile compact. Dot the apples with the 1 tablespoon cold butter cubes. Rub 2 to 3 tablespoons flour into the go forth of the pastry cloth and stocking.Roll the rest dough into a circle thats 1/8 inch thick and about 15 inches across. using up the rolling pin to move the dough. As you unroll the dough, center it on authorize of the apples. Place your hands on twain side of the take place crust of the pie and ease the dough toward the center, giving the dough plenty of slack. Leaving a 3/4-inch overhang, trim the summit social class of dough around the rim of the pie plate. Fold the top layer of dough under the bottom layer, tucking the two layers of dough together. Press a lightly floured fork around the edge of the dough to seal it or flute the edge of the dough with lightly floured fingers.Lightly brush the top with cold water and sprinkle the surface with the remaining 1 tablespoon sugar. depict steam vents in the dough by poking the tip of a paring knife by it in a few places its important to vent well so that the steam from the cooking apples wont produce up and crack the top of the crust. To broil the pie, cover the rim of the pie with aluminum indulge bands. This will stop the edge of the crust from overbrowning. Place a rimmed baking hot sheet or an aluminum pamper drip pan on the oven rack below the pie to catch either juices that deluge during baking.Set the pie on the rack above. Bake the pie until the top and bottom crusts are golden brown and the juices are bubbling, 60 to 75 minutes (to thicken, the juices must boil, so facial expression for the bubbles through the steam vents or through cracks near the edges of the pie and listen for the sound of bubbling juices). During the stick out 5 minutes of baking, remove the hamper bands from the edges of the pie. Cool the pie at lea st 3 hours and up to overnight onwards serving. present are 20 of the Webs best apple pie rules, along with a pattern for homespun piecrust. ltimate apple pie Cooking the apples separately before adding them to the crust keeps it from getting soggy, making this standard sweet e extraly good. prove the expression digy chromatic apple pie Go ahead, indulge. This apple pie features a crumb overstep sprinkled with pecans and drizzled with caramel ice unguent topping. cop the chemical formula no-peel apple pie How easy can pie get and still be glorious? bolt peeling the apples and use refrigerated piecrusts in a clever, simple chemical formula for fresh-baked pie. represent the rule autumn apple pieTwo seasonal worker fruits in one luscious confection This two-crust pie is filled to the brim with an apple-cinnamon filling cover with dry out cranberries. tick off the recipe mile-high apple pie Loaded with high apples, this luscious after(prenominal)s recipe i s drizzled with a gooey caramel topping. take on the recipe caramel apple cheesecake pie Caramel ice cream topping and toasted pecans add a cite of luxury to this luscious two-layer sweetness. See the recipe berry-apple fantasy pie Especially for fruit lovers This golden, two-crust pie oozes with apples and fresh berries. See the recipe asy apple pie calzones suffice this spiced apple-filled dessert calzone with a scoop of vanilla extract ice cream. See the recipe triple-a apple pie orchard apple trees, Anjou pears, and apricots are the A? s that subscribe this apple pie a knockout. See the recipe rum-raisin apple pie Take apple pie in a whole new direction by adding brandy and raisins to this perennial holiday favorite. See the recipe upside-down apple pie This gooey-good apple pie is hard to pass up. Serve for dessert with sufficient whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. See the recipe apple-cherry pie Apple pie or cherry pie? No need to decide.This fruit pie recipe co mbines the best of some(prenominal). See the recipe apple-cranberry pie Saute the apples, spices, and cranberries in butter, and then put them in the pastry to discharge this savory double-crust pie. See the recipe apple-maple cream pie Fold in maple syrup and jaunty cream with the apples to add a delicious twist to this dessert. See the recipe dried apple cider pie The dried apples in this yummy dessert save you sentence because theres no peeling needed. See the recipe apple mincemeat pie Delicious fall flavors make this old-fashioned pie a holiday tradition in many families.At the grocery store, look for jars of mincemeat (no actual meat included, just fruit and spices) near the pie fillings during the holiday baking season. See the recipe cheesy apple pie Theres rich cheddar cheese in both the pastry and topping of this tangy, out-of-the-ordinary apple pie recipe. See the recipe perfect ending apple praline pie After this traditional pie is golden brown, top it with a n oh-so-sweet pecan glaze for a dessert that is simply irresistible. See the recipe apple-cranberry-hazelnut pie Hazelnuts in the pastry and the crumb topping add elegance to this mouthwatering apple pie.See the recipe oatmeal-nut crunch apple pie This decadent pie is loaded with juicy apples and adorned with a streusel-lovers crunchy topping. See the recipe FLAKY PIE PASTRY ingredients 10-1/2 ounces (2-1/3 cups) unbleached all-purpose flour 1 tablespoon granulated sugar 3/4 teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon baking pulverization 4 ounces (1/2 cup) chilled, unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch cubes 4 ounces (1/2 cup) chilled vegetable shortening, cut into 1/2-inch pieces 5 to 6 tablespoons ice water more as needed directions In a large bowl combine the flour, sugar, salt, and baking powder.Chill for 20 to 30 minutes. Place the flour sort in a diet mainframe computer fitted with a steel blade. Pulse the dry ingredients together for a few seconds to blend. With the mainframe computer o ff, add half of the butter and half of the shortening. Pulse 5 times and then process for 5 seconds. Add the remaining butter and shortening and pulse again 5 times, then process for 5 seconds. You should have a motley of both large and small crumbs. Empty the mixture into a large mixing bowl. dampen 1 tablespoon of the ice water around the edge of the bowl, letting it dribble into the crumbs.Flick the moistened crumbs toward the center with a table fork, rotating the bowl as you work. Repeat with the remaining 4 tablespoons ice water, 1 tablespoon at a time. As you add the water, the crumbs should sustain to form larger clusters. Once youve added 5 tablespoons water total, take a smattering of crumbs and squeeze them gently they should retain together. If they substantially break apart, the mixture needs more water. Add the remaining tablespoon, 1 teaspoon at a time, checking the consistency after each addition. If the crumbs still fail to hold together, you can add addition al water, but do so sparingly.Gather a handful of the breakable dough and press it against the side of the bowl to form a small mickle, flouring your hand as needed to prevent excessive sticking. Increase the size of this aggregate by pressing it into more of the crumbly mixture until youve used up about half of the total mixture in the bowl. Make a second mass of dough with the remaining crumbs. If some of the crumbs on the bottom of the bowl need more moistening, add a few drops of water. puddle the two masses of dough into balls, propagate them with flour, and flatten them into 4- to 5-inch disks. Pat the disks to release any excess flour.Score the tops lightly with the side of your hand to create a noughts and crosses pattern. With cupped hands, rotate each disk on the work surface to smooth the edges of the disks. turn over each in plastic wrap. our recipe partners EatingWell delivers delicious, healthful recipes, cooking how-to and nutrition give-and-take for people wh o are passionate about great-tasting food and lifelong healthy eating. EatingWell With a unique perspective on how Americans eat and cook, this chef believes uncomplicated recipes, bright flavors, and fresh food come from real kitchens dedicated to culinary honesty.Tyler Florence see all recipe partners Comments (0) your rendering You must be logged in to yield a comment. Register Log In more smart savings silver gray & Gold Heart within a Heart What a romantic Necklace for your special Sweetheart Matching earrings also available. crazy4bling. com hiding VSW FeatureLink free recipe collections Delicious squawker Salad Recipes Our Best Grilled Pork Chops Recipes supine Cupcake Recipes Potato Salad Recipe Ideas Best-Ever Burger Recipes